Goodwin Table

Goodwin's Theory Table: 

Andrew Goodwin suggests that there are many key features within music videos, i used these to analyse two music videos. Goodwin argues that for a music video to function successfully it must meet the genre requirements, establish a relationship between visual and lyrics, between the music and images and portray star power. As well as including concepts such as intertexuality and narrative.

Adele- Hello

Feature	Observation	Comment
Genre characteristics	Strong emotion is evident throughout the video as seen through the shots of the people’s faces. They look concerned, angry and sad.	Adele is renowned for her emotional songs which perfectly accompany the soul genre while appealing to her audience.
Relationship between visuals and lyrics	The whole song is about losing someone and remembering them.	This is shown through the editing of using a sepia colour filter making as if the video is a faded photograph linking to the theme of memories.
Relationship between music and visuals	As soon as Adele begins to sing she looks up at the camera.	She is looking at the audience and the pain in her face makes her relatable.
Close ups (Star image)	Many close up shots of Adele and the entire video surrounds her. Even the flash backs are Point of view shots from her perspective.	This is because the audience for this music is her fans and obviously they want to see her.
Notion of looking	Adele is not portrayed in a sexualized way as seen through the mise-en-scene as she is fully clothed and the camera usually lingers on her face rather than body.	This makes the song more emotional as it does not take away from the seriousness of the lyrics. Adele is a well-known singer and being “sexy” is not a part of her persona.
Intertextuality	There is no intertextuality within this music video.
Performance Narrative Concept	This video heavily focuses on a narrative. By showing Adele roam around an abandoned but once lived in house, first establishes the reminiscent narrative. It then cuts between this location and Adele sharing moment with her past lover	All of these things contribute to the narrative of lost love and heartbreak. As well as Adele putting on a performance by dramatically lip syncing.

Lady Gaga- Telephone 

Feature	Observation	Comment
Genre characteristics	Lady Gaga is known as an artist that doesn’t stick to genre conventions of music, which reflects her outrageous persona.	Telephone is a brilliant example of this as it is a hybridisation of pop, electronic and through synergy with Beyoncé, RnB is included. However, there are infusions of some genre conventions such as pop music often has a large scale choreographed dance sequence, which lady Gaga includes.
Relationship between visuals and lyrics	The lyrics “Tonight I’m not taking call cos I’ll be dancing” perfectly matches with a long shot of Beyoncé dancing while ignoring the Telephone.  In the beginning of the video Lady Gaga begins to sing into a telephone as if she is taking the call.	These are very obvious links between visuals and lyrics as they mirror what is being sang.
Relationship between music and visuals	As the tempo of the music quickens, the pace of the edits mirrors the pace of the music. There is a form of lag when Gaga first begins to sing this is synchronised with the editing which makes the video jump and lag also.	This connotates with a sense of excitement. It also makes the video more interesting for an audience.
Close ups (Star image)	Throughout the music video there are many close up and extreme close ups of Beyoncé and Gaga.	Highlighting that they are the main aspect of the video and that the audience should focus their attention to them. Also illustrates the changes of style and the motif of the video.
Notion of looking	Laura Mulvey’s “Male Gaze” theory is highly evident within this music video. There are many close ups of women’s bodies. As well as the background actors and Lady Gaga wearing very revealing and tight costumes.	Gaga recognises that “Sex sells” and uses this outrageous Notion of Looking to gain viewership and listeners. The audience are given a high angle shot which looks like a CCTV shot making them feel in control of the women they are viewing.
Intertextuality	In telephone, there is an intertextual reference to “kill Bill” as the car Beyoncé and Gaga drive is called the “Pussy Wagon.”	Audiences who have seen the film will get the reference and the significance behind the meaning.
Performance Narrative Concept	The narrative follows Lady Gaga’s escape from an all-female prison. With help from fellow artist Beyoncé.	The video interwinds this narrative while having many impressive dance sequences and shots of Lady Gaga Lip syncing. Covering many aspects of a music video.